No obligation
needn't have
Advice
should have
ought to have
Ability
could have
Possibility
could have
Deduction
must have
may have
might have
can't have
Showing posts with label verbs. Show all posts
Showing posts with label verbs. Show all posts
Modals
Modals
can, be able to, could, may, might, must, have to, need to, don't have to, should, ought to, had better, will, shall, needn't
Synonyms
manage to (ability)
be allowed to / allow to (permission)
Characteristics
- 3rd person singular without -s
- after a modal: infinitive without to
- questions without do
- no -ing (no progressive form)
- they don't have all the tenses
can: only present
could: only past, conditional
must: only present
have to: present, past, future
Obligation
Present: have to, must, need to
Past: had to, needed to
No obligation
Present: don't have to, don't need to, needn't
Past: didn't have to, didn't need to
Permission
can, may, could, be allowed to / allow to
(formal: may, could)
Advice
should, ought to, had better
Ability
can, could, be able to, manage to
Possibility
can, could, be able to
Deduction
must, may, might, can't
(nowadays synonyms: may, might)
Prohibition
musstn't, not allow to / not be allowed to
Suggestions and offers
shall
Requests
will, can, could
be able to forms
Present: I am able to ...
Past: I was able to ...
Future: I'll be able to ...
Present Perfect: I have been able to ...
Infinitive: I'd like to be able to ...
Gerund: I love being able to ...
Going to: I'm going to be able to ...
can, be able to, could, may, might, must, have to, need to, don't have to, should, ought to, had better, will, shall, needn't
Synonyms
manage to (ability)
be allowed to / allow to (permission)
Characteristics
- 3rd person singular without -s
- after a modal: infinitive without to
- questions without do
- no -ing (no progressive form)
- they don't have all the tenses
can: only present
could: only past, conditional
must: only present
have to: present, past, future
Obligation
Present: have to, must, need to
Past: had to, needed to
No obligation
Present: don't have to, don't need to, needn't
Past: didn't have to, didn't need to
Permission
can, may, could, be allowed to / allow to
(formal: may, could)
Advice
should, ought to, had better
Ability
can, could, be able to, manage to
Possibility
can, could, be able to
Deduction
must, may, might, can't
(nowadays synonyms: may, might)
Prohibition
musstn't, not allow to / not be allowed to
Suggestions and offers
shall
Requests
will, can, could
be able to forms
Present: I am able to ...
Past: I was able to ...
Future: I'll be able to ...
Present Perfect: I have been able to ...
Infinitive: I'd like to be able to ...
Gerund: I love being able to ...
Going to: I'm going to be able to ...
Present Perfect Simple / Present Perfect Continuous
Present Perfect Simple
USE
- past action continues to the present
- completed past action still important in the present
IE
[+] He has visited his uncle
[-] He hasn't visited my his uncle
[?] Has he visited his uncle?
COMMON WORDS
- since, for
- already, yet, ever, just
- How long ... ?
Present Perfect Simple (2)
USE
- result of an action
- how many times an action happens
COMMON WORDS
- How many ... ? ( result )
Present Perfect Continuous
USE
- process and duration of an action
- an action has either finished very recently or is incomplete
(if you can see the effects of the recent action)
IE
[+] He has been writing a letter
[-] He hasn't been writing a letter
[?] Has he been writing a letter?
COMMON WORDS
- How long ... ? ( action ) (hasta ahora, y todavía continúo)
- waiting for
USE
- past action continues to the present
- completed past action still important in the present
IE
[+] He has visited his uncle
[-] He hasn't visited my his uncle
[?] Has he visited his uncle?
COMMON WORDS
- since, for
- already, yet, ever, just
- How long ... ?
Present Perfect Simple (2)
USE
- result of an action
- how many times an action happens
COMMON WORDS
- How many ... ? ( result )
Present Perfect Continuous
USE
- process and duration of an action
- an action has either finished very recently or is incomplete
(if you can see the effects of the recent action)
IE
[+] He has been writing a letter
[-] He hasn't been writing a letter
[?] Has he been writing a letter?
COMMON WORDS
- How long ... ? ( action ) (hasta ahora, y todavía continúo)
- waiting for
Future
Present Continuous
USE
- Future plans
IE
I'm having dinner with some friends this evening
I'm going to have dinner with some friends this evening
Going to
USE
- Future plans [1]
- Future result from evidence [2]
IE
[1] I'm going to the party tonight
[2] Look at that child. She's going to fall!
Will
USE
- Predictions (w/o evidence) [1]
- Spontaneous decisions [2]
- Promises [3]
- Offers [4]
- 1st conditional [5]
- Clauses of time
- Facts [7]
IE
[1] I think Ruth will pass her exams without much difficulty
[2] Todays is Ann's birthday. I'll phone her now
[3] I won't do it again
[4] I'm thirsty / I'll get you a drink from that bar
[5] If it is nice we will go out for a walk
[6]When I see John I will tell him you've been here
[7] In the year 2020 there won't be enough food for everybody
Past Perfect
Past Perfect
USE
- past action before another past action [1]
- before a specific time in the past [2]
IE
[+] He had painted the room..
[-] I had not painted the room..
[?] Had I painted the room.. ?
[1] After he had done the homework he watched TV
[1] I had painted the room when she came in
[2] Yesterday by 9 o'clock I had finished my homework
COMMON WORDS
- by, by the time, before, after, just, when
COMPARISON
Present Simple - Present Perfect
IE: Her sister is not at home now. She has gone to school
Past Simple - Past Perfect
Her sister was not at home yesterday. She had gone to school
USE
- past action before another past action [1]
- before a specific time in the past [2]
IE
[+] He had painted the room..
[-] I had not painted the room..
[?] Had I painted the room.. ?
[1] After he had done the homework he watched TV
[1] I had painted the room when she came in
[2] Yesterday by 9 o'clock I had finished my homework
COMMON WORDS
- by, by the time, before, after, just, when
COMPARISON
Present Simple - Present Perfect
IE: Her sister is not at home now. She has gone to school
Past Simple - Past Perfect
Her sister was not at home yesterday. She had gone to school
Past Simple / Past Continuous
Past Simple
USE
- a complet action in the past
IE
[+] He watched TV yesterday
[-] He didn't watch TV yesterday
[?] Did he watch TV yesterday?
COMMON WORDS
- yesterday, ago, last
Past Continuous
USE
- past action interrupted [1]
- actions happening at the same time [2]
- to show what was happening at a specific moment in the past [3]
IE
[+] He was watching TV
[-] He wasn't watching TV
[?] Was he watching TV?
[1] I was reading a book when the telephone rang
[2] While Peter was playing footall, Jane was playing basketball
[3] I was listening to music at 7 o'clock
COMMON WORDS
- while, as
- specific time
USE
- a complet action in the past
IE
[+] He watched TV yesterday
[-] He didn't watch TV yesterday
[?] Did he watch TV yesterday?
COMMON WORDS
- yesterday, ago, last
Past Continuous
USE
- past action interrupted [1]
- actions happening at the same time [2]
- to show what was happening at a specific moment in the past [3]
IE
[+] He was watching TV
[-] He wasn't watching TV
[?] Was he watching TV?
[1] I was reading a book when the telephone rang
[2] While Peter was playing footall, Jane was playing basketball
[3] I was listening to music at 7 o'clock
COMMON WORDS
- while, as
- specific time
Present Simple / Present Continuous
Present Simple
USE
- regular habits
- always true
- stative verbs
IE
[+] He plays
[-] He doesn't play
[?] Does he play?
COMMON WORDS
- adverbs of frequency
Present Continuous
USE
- things that are happening now
- future arrangements
IE
[+] He is playing
[-] He is not playing
[?] Is he playing?
USE
- regular habits
- always true
- stative verbs
IE
[+] He plays
[-] He doesn't play
[?] Does he play?
COMMON WORDS
- adverbs of frequency
Present Continuous
USE
- things that are happening now
- future arrangements
IE
[+] He is playing
[-] He is not playing
[?] Is he playing?
Stative Verbs
Stative verbs
- only go in the present simple form (NO continuous)
love, like, enjoy, hate, prefer, want
think, remember, doubt, understand, know, believe
own
appear, be, belong to
have (possesion)
included, need
see, seem, taste
agree, depend, hear, matter, mean, need, realize, suppose, recognize, contain, forget
Stative and dynamic verbs
- with a different meaning
be, have, feel, love, see, smell, think
IE
I have a car (state verb)
I'm having a good time (dynamic verb)
I think Sarah is not telling the truth (state verb)
I'm thiking (considering) of going on holiday (dynamic verb)
- only go in the present simple form (NO continuous)
love, like, enjoy, hate, prefer, want
think, remember, doubt, understand, know, believe
own
appear, be, belong to
have (possesion)
included, need
see, seem, taste
agree, depend, hear, matter, mean, need, realize, suppose, recognize, contain, forget
Stative and dynamic verbs
- with a different meaning
be, have, feel, love, see, smell, think
IE
I have a car (state verb)
I'm having a good time (dynamic verb)
I think Sarah is not telling the truth (state verb)
I'm thiking (considering) of going on holiday (dynamic verb)
say vs tell
say something to you
say to you something
tell you something
tell sb
say to sb
explain to sb
say to you something
tell you something
tell sb
say to sb
explain to sb
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